考研英语二阅读答案_(2016考研英语二阅读答案)

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2017年研究生考试真题及答案解析专题

2017年全国研究生统一考试英语（二）

第一节英语的使用

路线：

阅读下面的文字。为每个编号的空白处选择最好的单词，并在答题卡上标记A、B、C 或D。 （10分）

几个世纪以来，人们一直在猜测没有工作的未来。今天也不例外，学者、作家和活动家再次认为技术正在取代人类工人。有人想象，即将到来的无工作世界将由2定义。少数富人将拥有所有资本，而大众将在贫困的荒原上挣扎。

一种不同但并不相互排斥的观点3 认为，未来将是另一种不同类型的荒原，一种4 是无目的的：没有工作来维持生命5 ，人们只会变得懒惰和沮丧。 6. 今天的失业者似乎过得并不好。一项盖洛普民意调查发现，失业至少一年的美国人中有20% 患有抑郁症，是7 名美国人的两倍。另外，一些研究表明，死亡率上升、心理健康问题和成瘾9、受教育程度低的中年人的8是高薪工作的短缺。也许这就是为什么许多人对失业的未来感到痛苦和沉闷。

但这些发现并不能表明没有工作的世界会充满不安。 11这样的愿景是建立在以就业观念为基础的社会中失业12的基础上的。在13 种工作中，一个考虑到其他目标而设计的社会可能会为未来的劳动和休闲带来14 种截然不同的情况。今天15号上班可能有点夸张了。 “许多工作都是无聊的、有辱人格的、不健康的，而且浪费了人类的潜力，”爱尔兰国立大学戈尔韦分校的讲师约翰丹纳赫说。

如今，由于大多数工人的休闲时间相对较多，因此人们利用空闲时间来平衡工作中的智力和情感17 。丹纳赫说：“当我结束一天的辛苦工作回到家时，我常常感觉自己已经18 岁了。”他补充道，“在一个我不需要工作的世界里，我可能会感觉很不一样”——也许不同到足以让自己变成19 岁。一种爱好或激情项目，强度通常为20 件事保留。

1. [A] 吹嘘[B] 否认[C] 警告[D] 确保

2. [A] 不平等[B] 不稳定性[C] 不可靠性[D] 不确定性

3. [A]政策[B]指导方针[C]决议[D]预测

4. [A]表征[B]分压[C]平衡[D]测量

5. [A] 智慧[B] 意义[C] 荣耀[D] 自由

6. [A] 相反[B] 确实[C] 因此[D] 然而

7. [A] 富有[B] 城市[C] 工作[D] 受过教育

8. [A] 解释[B] 要求[C] 补偿[D] 替代

9. [A] 下[B] 超出[C] 旁边[D] 之间

10. [A]留下[B]弥补[C]担心[D]搁置

11. [A] 统计上[B] 偶尔[C] 必然[D] 经济上

12. [A] 机会[B] 缺点[C] 好处[D] 原则

13. [A] 缺席[B] 身高[C] 脸型[D] 路线

14. [A] 干扰[B] 恢复[C] 排除[D] 产量

15.[A]榜样[B]实践[C]美德[D]艰辛

16. [A] 棘手[B] 冗长[C] 神秘[D] 稀缺

17. [A] 要求[B] 标准[C] 品质[D] 威胁

18. [A] 被忽视[B] 疲倦[C] 困惑[D] 饥饿

19. [A] 离开[B] 对抗[C] 后面[D] 进入

20. [A] 技术[B] 专业[C] 教育[D] 人际关系

第二节阅读理解

A部分

路线：

阅读下面四篇课文。选择A、B、C 或D 来回答每篇文章下面的问题。在答题卡上标记您的答案。 （40分）

文本1

每周六早上9 点，超过50,000 名跑步者出发，围绕当地公园跑5 公里。 Parkrun 现象始于十几个朋友，并启发了英国和其他国家举办的400 场活动。活动是免费的，有数千名志愿者。跑步者的年龄范围从四岁到祖父母；他们的时间范围从安德鲁巴德利(Andrew Baddeley) 的世界纪录13 分48 秒到1 小时不等。

帕克伦在伦敦奥运会“遗产”失败的地方取得了成功。十年前的周一，宣布第30 届奥运会将在伦敦举行。规划文件承诺，奥运会的伟大遗产将是让全国的体育爱好者远离沙发。人口将会变得更健康、更健康，并产生更多的赢家。但它并没有发生。截至2012 年，每周参加体育运动的成年人数量确实有所增加，增加了近200 万，但总人口增长得更快。更糟糕的是，这个数字现在正在加速下降。反对派声称，小学生每周至少进行两小时体育运动的人数几乎减少了一半。成人和儿童的肥胖率有所上升。官方仍在继续反思为什么2012 年伦敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”。 Parkrun 的成功提供了答案。

Parkun 不是一场比赛，而是一场计时赛：你唯一的竞争对手是时钟。这种精神欢迎任何人。一个趾高气扬的新手被冲过终点线的喜悦与顶尖人才闪耀的喜悦一样多。相比之下，奥运会申办者希望让更多的人参与体育运动并培养更多的精英运动员。双重目标是混合在一起的：对成功的压力超过了参与的压力，这让新来者感到害怕。

确实，国家参与社区体育协会这样一个“草根”概念的规划，确实有些荒唐。如果政府能发挥作用，它确实应该参与提供公共物品——确保有运动场的空间和铺设网球场和无挡板篮球场的资金，并鼓励在学校提供所有这些活动。但历届政府都在主持出售绿地、挤压地方当局的资金以及减少教育中对体育的关注。未来的政府需要做更多的事情来为体育运动的蓬勃发展提供条件，而不是冗长而有价值的策略。或者至少不会让事情变得更糟。

根据第1 段，Parkrun 有.

[A] 人气很高

[B]创造了许多就业机会

[C] 加强社区联系

[D] 成为官方节日

笔者认为，伦敦奥运会的“遗产”已经失败。

[A] 促进人口增长

[B] 促进体育参与

[C]改善城市形象

[D]增加学校的运动时间

Parkrun与奥运会的不同之处就在于它。

[A] 旨在发现人才

[B] 注重大众竞争

[C] 不强调精英主义

[D] 不吸引新手

关于群众体育，作者认为政府应该这样做。

[A] 举办“草根”体育赛事

[B] 监督地方体育协会

[C]增加体育俱乐部经费

[D]投资公共体育设施

作者对英国政府为体育所做的事情的态度是。

[一] 宽容

[B] 关键

[C] 不确定

[D] 同情

文字2

由于如此关注孩子对屏幕的使用，父母很容易忘记自己的屏幕使用情况。珍妮拉德斯基（Jenny Radesky）在数字游戏研究中表示：“科技的设计就是为了真正吸引你，而数字产品就是为了促进最大程度的参与。这让人很难摆脱束缚，并导致家庭日常生活中出现很多问题。”

拉德斯基通过让母子进行食物测试练习，研究了进餐时手机和平板电脑的使用情况。她发现，在练习期间起诉电子设备的母亲与孩子的言语互动减少了20%，非言语互动减少了39%。在另一次观察中，她发现手机成为家庭紧张的根源。父母会查看他们的电子邮件，而孩子们会兴奋地吸引他们的注意力。

婴儿天生会看着父母的脸来试图了解他们的世界，如果父母的脸一片空白且毫无反应——就像他们全神贯注于某个设备时经常出现的情况一样——这可能会让孩子们感到非常不安。 Radesky 引用了发展心理学家Ed Tronick 在20 世纪70 年代设计的“静止面孔实验”。其中，母亲被要求以正常方式与孩子互动，然后表现出茫然的表情，不给他们任何视觉社交反馈；当孩子试图引起母亲的注意时，她变得越来越痛苦。拉德斯基说：“父母不必在任何时候都是完美的父母，但需要保持平衡，父母需要对孩子情感需求的言语或非言语表达做出反应和敏感。”

另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心，对孩子使用屏幕的担忧源于一种“压迫性意识形态，要求父母始终与孩子互动”：“它基于一种有点幻想的、非常白人、这是一种非常中上阶层的意识形态，认为如果你不能让你的孩子接触30,000 个单词，你就是在忽视他们。”特罗尼克认为，孩子没有从屏幕上学习并不意味着它没有价值——特别是如果它让父母有时间洗澡、做家务或只是离开孩子休息一下。他说，父母可以通过使用他们的设备与朋友交谈或完成一些工作来获得很多好处。这可以让他们感到更快乐，从而让他们在剩下的时间里能够更多地陪伴孩子。

根据Jenny Radesky 的说法，数字产品的设计目的是______。

[A] 简化日常事务

[B]吸引用户注意力

[C] 改善人际关系

[D]提高工作效率

拉德斯基的食品测试表明，母亲对设备的使用______。

[A] 剥夺婴儿的食欲

[B]d

istracts children’s attention 　　[C] slows down babies’ verbal development 　　[D] reduces mother-child communication 　　Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______。 　　[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions 　　[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange 　　[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood 　　[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs 　　The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______。 　　[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies 　　[B] teach their kids at least 30，000 words a year 　　[C] ensure constant interaction with their children 　　[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens 　　According to Tronick， kid’s use of screens may_______。 　　[A] give their parents some free time 　　[B] make their parents more creative 　　[C] help them with their homework 　　[D] help them become more attentive 　　Text 3 　　Today， widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year。 After all， if everyone you know is going to college in the fall， it seems silly to stay back a year， doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years， it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic。 　　But while this may be true， it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years。 There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line，” whether that be toward graduate school， medical school or lucrative career。 But despite common misconceptions， a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact， it probably enhances it。 　　Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not。 Rather than pulling students back， a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence， new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most。 Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment， making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders。 　　If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests， then consider its financial impact on future academic choices。 According to the National Center for Education Statistics， nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once。 This isn’t surprising， considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications， but switching to another after taking college classes。 It’s not necessarily a bad thing， but depending on the school， it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game。 At Boston College， for example， you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department。 Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on。 　　One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that 。 　　[A] they think it academically misleading 　　[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college 　　[C] it feels strange to do differently from others 　　[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses 　　Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps 。 　　[A] keep students from being unrealistic 　　[B] lower risks in choosing careers 　　[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens 　　[D] relieve freshmen of pressures 　　The word “acclimation” (Line 8， Para。 3) is closest in meaning to 。 　　[A] adaptation 　　[B] application 　　[C] motivation 　　[D] competition 　　A gap year may save money for students by helping them 。 　　[A] avoid academic failures 　　[B] establish long-term goals 　　[C] switch to another college 　　[D] decide on the right major 　　The most suitable title for this text would be 。 　　[A] In Favor of the Gap Year 　　[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year 　　[C] The Gap Year Comes Back 　　[D] The Gap Year： A Dilemma 　　Text 4 　　Though often viewed as a problem for western states， the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars， says Professor Max Moritz， a specialist in fire ecology and management。 　　In 2015， the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago。 In effect， fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation， watershed and cultural resources management， and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans。 　　Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts。 As Moritz puts it， how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire? 　　“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country，” he says。” We need to take a magnifying glass to that。 Like， “Wait a minute， is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?” 　　Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire， researchers say。 　　For one thing， conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive。 Over the past decade， the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires。 　　While climate is a key element， Moritz says， it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation。 　　“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked， and the interactions go both ways，” he says。 Failing to recognize that， he notes， leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be。 Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited。” 　　At the same time， people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity， says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado。 But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws， policies， and practices that make it as safe as possible， she says。 　　“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire，” Balch says。 “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today。” 　　More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they 。 　　[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts 　　[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget 　　[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states 　　[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure 　　Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to 。 　　[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas 　　[B] avoid the redirection of federal money 　　[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape 　　[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds 　　While admitting that climate is a key element， Moritz notes that 。 　　[A] public debates have not settled yet 　　[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving 　　[C] other factors should not be overlooked 　　[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place 　　The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to 。 　　[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature 　　[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems 　　[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life 　　[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature 　　Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should 。 　　[A] do away with 　　[B] come to terms with 　　[C] pay a price for 　　[D] keep away from 　　Part B 　　Directions： 　　Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column。 There are two extra choices in the right column。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points) 　　The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain， particularly from Donald Trump。 “We don’t make anything anymore，” he told Fox News， while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line。 　　Without question， manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades， and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing。 　　But there is also a different way to look at the data。 　　Across the country， factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge： instead of having too many workers， they may end up with too few。 Despite trade competition and outsourcing， American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years。 Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place， other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay。 　　For factory owners， it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages。 “They’re harder to find and they have job offers，” says Jay Dunwell， president of Wolverine Coil Spring， a family-owned firm， “They may be coming [into the workforce]， but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing，” Mr。 Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture。 　　At RoMan Manufacturing， a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980， Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers， five are retiring this year。 Mr。 Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program， with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years。 　　At a worktable inside the transformer plant， young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors。 It’s his first week on the job。 Asked about his choice of career， he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering。 “I love working with tools。 I love creating。” he says。 　　But to win over these young workers， manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle： parents， who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression， telling them to avoid the factory。 Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off。 They blame it on the manufacturing recession，” says Birgit Klohs， chief executive of The Right Place， a business development agency for western Michigan。 　　These concerns aren’t misplaced： Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013。 When the recovery began， worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades。 Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels。 　　“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill，” says Rob Spohr， a business professor at Montcalm Community College。 “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill。 It’s that gap in between， and that’s where the problem is。 ” 　　Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing： a work/life balance。 While their parents were content to work long hours， young people value flexibility。 “Overtime is not attractive to this generation。 They really want to live their lives，” she says。 　　[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools。 　　41。 Jay Deuwell[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill。 　　42。 Jason Stenquist[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore。 　　43。 Birgit Klohs[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers。 　　44。 Rob Spohr[E] says that for factory owners， workers are harder to find because of stiff competition。 　　45.Julie Parks[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing。 　　[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents。 　　2017年考研英语二范文 　　新东方在线&北京新东方 李智勇 　　2017年考研进行得如火如荼，此次英语二考的大作文是曲线图，虽然以往没有考过这类型的图表，但是难度并不大。 　　这种图形写作与2010、2011所考的柱状图写法有很大相似之处，都是有关一定时间段内数量变化的类型，可以说是换汤不换药。该图表涉及内容是参观博物馆的人数变化数据，关键词也不难写，故此从难度上看，属于中低难度。 　　图中的关键词，博物馆(museum)是中学词汇，有基础能力的同学可以相对轻松把握;博物馆参观者用简单的visitors即可;至于图表中的数字是十万，6378个十万即6.378 billion. 　　范文如下： 　　The statistics about museums and their visitors are precisely illustrated by the line chart. During the 3 years from 2013 to 2015, the figure of museums experienced a gradual rise, and soaring from 4.145 thousand to 4.692 thousand. Besides, following the same tendency, the number of museum visitors, as is shown, ascended gradually from 6.378 billion to 7.811 billion, increasing by about 1.43 billion. 　　The following factors, from my perspective, are responsible for the statistics. To begin with, aside from disseminating knowledge in schools, department concerned adopts other ways to promote the comprehensive quality of Chinese citizens, for instance providing more access to museums is a simple yet effective way to broaden visitors’ horizon. In addition, having been experiencing the unparalleled material prosperity, most of Chinese citizens intend to pursue knowledge by visiting museums, tourist attractions and other places. Moreover, museums, which are supported by public funding, provide visitors with knowledge and professional service. Individuals, therefore, are inclined to enjoy their leisure time by visiting museums. 　　To summarize, the data shown by the chart objectively reflect what’s happening in our society. Museums undoubtedly exert indispensible effects on our society and Chinese citizens, and it is predictable that, in the next decade, both large cities and small towns will witness the popularization of museums. 　　2017年考研英语二，小作文考察的是一封邀请信的回函，要求写作内容包括： 　　1、接受教授邀请给留学生做有关中国文化的presentation(介绍/演示)。 　　2、提供介绍内容的关键信息。 　　考官出题的套路并不好预测，和往年一样，让想依靠背模板来过写作关的同学眼前一黑，这完全证实考研英语二阅读答案了考研英语反押题反模板的一贯思路。不过从内容上看，写作手法也秉承考研英语二阅读答案了以往考研英语二小作文的思路----多种文体结合。 　　此次写作完全可以写成一个感谢开头结合内容介绍的格式，思路简单但操作略有难度。写作过程中最难的地方在于有关中国文化的关键信息，对考生的基本功有一定要求。 　　小作文 　　Dear Professor Williams， 　　It is my honor to receive your invitation to give presentation about Chinese culture to international students. And I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude and provide the specific information about my presentation, which is about the brief introduction of Confucianism, the dominant philosophy of oriental culture. 　　To begin with, the first part of my presentation is the brief introduction to Master Confucius and the Analects of Confucius. Relevant background about Spring and Autumn warring state period will also be introduced. In addition, the second part is about etiquette, one of the cores of Confucianism, which stabilized ancient Chinese society. Moreover, I would like to upload the e-book of English version of the Analects of Confucius to the official website of our university, so that the audience will be fully prepared. 　　Thank you for your invitation, and I wish my presentation will be appreciated by the audience. 　　Yours sincerely, 　　Li Ming 　　亲爱的威廉教授： 　　很荣幸收到您邀请考研英语二阅读答案我给留学生做关于中国文化的介绍，我在此对您表达衷心的谢意并提供相关的具体信息。我的介绍是关于东方文化的主导哲学思想儒家的内容。 　　首先，我介绍的第一部分是关于孔子和《论语》的简介。同时还会介绍有关春秋战国的背景。其次，我的第二部分是关于“礼”的介绍。作为儒家思想的核心之一，“礼”为古代中国社会具有了稳定性。再次，我会把这些作品的电子版上传到我们大学的官方网站，以便听众能方便的下载，并对我的讲授内容做出充分准备。 　　感谢您对我的邀请，我希望我的介绍能被大家欣赏。 　　李明 2017年考研英语（二）真题答案 　　想了解更多考研相关的信息，请关注微信公众号：青年人考研网(qnrcnkaoyan) 　　相关推荐： 　　2017年考研英语（一）试题+答案 　　2017年考研政治真题及答案（完整版） 　　2017年考研管理类联考真题试题原文及答案